Well you guys got some thing right and some things wrong lol
I’m an aerospace engineer student and also know quite a bit about mechanical engineering.
Right to start things off the max range of space combat will be about 1000 km because of the limitations of technology. Seeing as beam weapons etc will not really take place in space because the amount of electric they use unless you can make a renewable fuel source that can take the drain of them, you’re pretty fucked if you have beams weapons, so scrap them. so now your left with 4 weapon options, hybrid (rail guns etc), projectile (guns etc), mines, missles (explosives) or believe it or not gravity (we are very far off from this but it is possible).
looking at all theses facts the ones we are going to use mainly are projectile and missiles are going to be used because of the cheap cost and the good range, seeing as in space there is no inertia, you can make them things go fast and far. you look at a speed of a shell going about 1000m/s in space and you could get a missile to get about 1500m/s if not more, looking that with sensor technology with light you could only look at a range of 1000 km, that’s your max range because the speed of light is 299,792,458m/s. so it will take it to go 2000km 0.003 seconds to get there and back and this speed is need to track the ships in question without delay so the weapon can quickly update there nav and lock the target in range. And don't forget it will take the shell 1000 sec's to go that far. That’s around 16 mins lol quite a bit of time really.
With the armour issue, space ships will do the same thing as water based ships do, have a super-structure. It will have compartments that will be able to be breached and still hold the structure of the ship together, I could go into how that works, but I can be very long and very adv. Lol
also this with the fighter bit, they will pack the punch as well as bombers, capital class ships will be used purely as mother ships, hubbing its fighter and bombers to pack the punch, a bit like aircraft carriers in the sea. This is because with fighters and bombers its a lot cheaper and a lot more versatile to use them in combat. They can pack the punch of a capital class ship with 200 times less of the cost. A good example of this is the US carriers on the sea cost around ½ a billion up to a billion $, you average sea combat plane costs around 5-10 million that’s about 100 times less, and a single aircraft can take out a carrier very easy, much the same in space. It’s just a lot bigger that’s all.
and also joona in a vacuum your blood boils at around 0* I think lol could be quite funny =p